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December 2 marks the International Day for the Abolition of Slavery, a day established by the United Nations to highlight the plight of millions of people trapped in modern forms of slavery and to mobilize global efforts toward its eradication. Despite significant strides made since the abolition of transatlantic slavery, modern slavery persists in various forms, including forced labor, child labor, human trafficking, and forced marriage. This day serves as a reminder of our collective responsibility to combat this grave violation of human rights.
Understanding Modern Slavery
The term modern slavery encompasses situations where individuals are exploited and cannot refuse or leave due to threats, violence, coercion, or deception. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), 50 million people were living in conditions of modern slavery in 2021, including:
- 28 million in forced labor
- 22 million in forced marriage
These numbers represent an alarming increase of 10 million compared to 2016.
Forms of Modern Slavery
1. Forced Labor
Forced labor involves coercion or deception to compel individuals to work against their will. This form of exploitation is prevalent in industries such as agriculture, construction, and domestic work. Migrant workers and individuals from marginalized communities are particularly vulnerable.
2. Human Trafficking
Human trafficking involves recruiting, transporting, or harboring people for exploitation. Victims are often subjected to sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ trafficking. Women and children make up the majority of trafficking victims (UNODC, 2022).
3. Child Labor
Approximately 160 million children, some as young as five, are engaged in child labor, often under hazardous conditions that deprive them of education and a safe childhood (ILO, 2021).
4. Forced Marriage
Forced marriage affects 22 million people, disproportionately impacting women and girls. Many are coerced into marriage under threats of violence or social pressure, often before reaching adulthood (ILO, 2022).
Drivers of Modern Slavery
Modern slavery is fueled by a combination of factors, including:
- Poverty: Financial desperation often leads individuals into exploitative situations.
- Conflict and Displacement: Wars and natural disasters create vulnerable populations, particularly refugees, who are at higher risk of exploitation.
- Weak Governance: Corruption and inadequate legal frameworks enable perpetrators to act with impunity.
- Gender Inequality: Women and girls face heightened vulnerability due to discrimination and lack of economic opportunities.
The Fight Against Modern Slavery
The 1926 Slavery Convention and the 1956 Supplementary Convention remain cornerstones in the global fight against slavery. Additionally, the ILO’s Forced Labor Convention and the United Nations Palermo Protocol provide comprehensive tools to combat forced labor and human trafficking.
2. Legal Action
Countries worldwide are strengthening laws and enforcement mechanisms to prosecute offenders and protect victims. For example, the Modern Slavery Act 2015 in the UK requires businesses to disclose measures taken to eliminate slavery in their supply chains.
3. Awareness and Advocacy
Organizations like Anti-Slavery International, Walk Free, and International Justice Mission are leading campaigns to raise awareness and advocate for stronger policies. Grassroots movements play a crucial role in educating communities about their rights and risks.
4. Support for Survivors
Providing survivors with access to shelter, healthcare, education, and legal assistance is essential for their rehabilitation and reintegration.
Global Goals and Progress
The UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 8.7 calls for the eradication of forced labor, human trafficking, child labor, and modern slavery by 2030. Despite the challenges, there have been notable successes:
- Over 89 million people have escaped slavery in the last five years through international and local efforts (ILO, 2022).
- Enhanced global cooperation has led to increased arrests and prosecutions of traffickers.
What Can You Do?
Ending modern slavery requires collective action. Here’s how you can contribute:
- Educate Yourself: Learn about the signs of modern slavery and share this knowledge with others.
- Support Ethical Practices: Choose products from companies committed to fair labor practices.
- Report Suspicions: Notify local authorities or helplines if you suspect exploitation.
- Advocate: Support policies and organizations working to combat slavery and support survivors.
The International Day for the Abolition of Slavery is a stark reminder that millions still suffer under conditions of modern slavery. Ending this atrocity is not just a moral imperative but a shared responsibility. By working together—governments, organizations, and individuals—we can create a world where freedom is a reality for all.
By: Touska Gholami Khaljiri